Matter in our surrounding

Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass is considered to be matter.
Eg- chalk,pen,table,air etc.

Properties of Matter
1. Matter is made up of particles
2. Particles of matter are very very small
3. Particles of matter have space between them.
4. Particles of matter are continuously moving.
Activities to explain the properties of matter:
Activity 1.1
1.Take half beaker filled with water and mark the level of water.
2. Dissolve salt or sugar with the help of glass rod.

Observation:
The volume of water of the water remains same.This can be explained by assuming that the particles of water have spaces between them.
Explanation
When salt or sugar is dissolved in water its crystals separate into very fine particles. 20 particles of sugar go into the spaces between the various particles of water due to which there is no change in volume of water.

 Activity 1.2
  1. Take two to three crystals of potassium permanganate and dissolve them in 100 ml of water.
  2. Take out approximately 10 ml of this solution from test tube 1 and put it in to 90 ml of clear water in test tube 2.
  3. Take out 10 ml of solution from test tube 2 n add in test tube 3 containing clear water.
4.Keep diluting the solution like this 4 to 6 times.
OBSERVATION 
  1. This activity shows that just two to three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart colour too large volume of water.
2. The particles of potassium permanganate decreases gradually from test tube 1 to 6.
CONCLUSION 
  1. Particles of potassium permanganate get into the spaces between the particles of water.
  2. This shows that particles of matter are very very small that is one crystal of potassium permanganate keeps on dividing themselves into smaller and smaller particles.
Activity 1.3

 Put an incense stick in a corner of your room and light the incense stick.
Observation
When we light an incense stick in one corner of a room its fragrance spreads in the whole room.
Explanation
The particle of gases produced by burning of incense stick move rapidly in all directions ,mix with the moving particles of air in the room and  reach every part of the room quickly. Hence, we conclude that the particles of matter are constantly moving

 In the above activity we observe that the particles of matter intermix on their own,
this intermixing is called diffusion.

 NOTE
Rise in temperature increases the of diffusion. This is because the particles that kinetic energy and as we increase the temperature kinetic energy of particles also increases does increasing the rate of diffusion.

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